The Pantheon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Pantheon - Essay Example The force of the presence of Pantheon as well as its environmental symbolism often works charismatically upon visitors who experience the beautiful reach of its canopied void while passing through its bronze door into the enclosing rotunda. The extensive and influential architectural effects of the Pantheon upon the subsequent buildings are incontrovertible, and documented widely for the design and various aspects of the architecture (Baker 30). The controversial designer of the architecture, Hadrian, had an in-depth architectural brilliance accompanied with deep interest in architecture. He demonstrated inexplicable impudence and superiority in his architectures. Literature reveals that the conception and design of the Pantheon was original. Notwithstanding the fair amount of data and information on the history of the building, the eventual meaning and impression of the building remains in its intricacy and mystery. The description of the Rome architecture, the Pantheon, is presente d with information on its history. The description will cover the interior and exterior descriptions. History of the Pantheon According to MacDonald, the architect of the Rome Pantheon is unidentified. MacDonald states that it is almost certain that Hadrian was not the architect of the Pantheon despite his name being widely suggested as the one. He argues that the construction of the building must have required a thorough going professional to create the drawings and models, calculate the design and construction details and supervise the complex and extracting work as it progressed. Whoever the architect of the Pantheon may have been, the architect stands in relation to the building of Hadrian as Justinian to the Hagia Sophia or Louis XIV to Versailles. Hadrian, the Pantheon as well as the cultural texture of the early second century are all interlinked inextricably. As a result, no doubt exists that Hadrian was the motivating personality behind the conception and design of the Pant heon (MacDonald 12). Hadrian was born in well established colonial family in Roman Spain during the reign of emperor Vespian in 76 A.D. Hadrian was made the emperor upon the death of Trajan who reigned between 98 and 117 A.D. Hadrian reigned between 117 and 138 A.D. The location where the Pantheon was built was earlier occupied by a rectangular sanctuary of similar dedication built by the great minister Agrippa of Augustus, and dedicated around 25 B.C. The building was burnt down twice prior to the accession of Hadrian, and replaced entirely by Hadrian with the current structure. Nevertheless, Hadrian reinstated the original inscriptions of Agrippa, â€Å"Marcus Agrippa the son of Lucius, three times consul, built this,† on his new building. This inscription has led to significant confusion. Up-to-date, the Pantheon is uncommonly said to have been constructed during the period of Augustus Caesar. This date is wide off the mark by approximately 150 years because the inscriptio n in bold bronze letters that spreads across the entablature of the great porch is modern (MacDonald 13). The appropriate date of building the Pantheon is approximated to be the first half of the reign of Hadrian. The architecture was not commenced prior to 117 A.D., and was most probably dedicated around 126 A.D. to 128 A.D. During the second century, the Roman brick makers stamped methodologically a

Assault Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assault - Term Paper Example Assault is divided into categories by the crime law, and police or court officials have the power to use force for arresting the offenders committing assault. While some states in United States continue to separate assault from battery, both are commonly combined under a single assault statue according to US common law system. (FreeAdvice, 2011). Simple and aggravated assault form two main categories of assault. Simple assault occurs when an offender puts another person in fear of receiving serious bodily harm or actually causes any kind of harm to that person, while aggravated assault involves particular circumstances that demonstrate profound defiance or disrespect for the value of human life. Aggravated assault also involves reckless threatening of harm or actual physical attack on the person who is at the receiving end, but it has to committed against a member who belongs from an influential or a protected class. A simple case of assault is upgraded into aggravated assault if cer tain facts inform the court officials that the assault is committed against a police officer, teacher, judge, or any person who performs supreme duties for the public. Some relief is provided regarding the rate of assault in US by the statistical records of Uniform Crime Report, January-June, 2010. Statistical data indicates that â€Å"law enforcement agencies throughout the Nation reported a decrease of 6.2 percent in the number of violent crimes brought to their attention for the first 6 months of 2010.† (The FBI, 2010). These violent crimes included assaults, rapes, and murder. This decrease is reported when compared with figures reported for the same time in 2009. This decrease in the rate of violent crimes in US is also supported by facts and figures provided by US National Crime Victimization Survey, 2009. â€Å"The overall victimization rate for violent crimes declined from 19.3 to 17.1 victimizations per 1,000 persons between 2008 and 2009.† (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010). Basically, the decreasing rate of simple assault has contributed to the decline in overall violent crime rate. There are myriad impacts of assault on an individual and the community. It is an established fact that victims of child molestation suffer from long-term affects of mental disturbances and they are also often unable to connect the brutal abuse to the hardships experienced by them all their lives. Such people who are sexually abused by any of their relatives in their childhoods often become introverts in their adult lives. They even have to deal with the consequences of low self-esteem and poor confidence, and both of these things play a vital role in a person’s professional life. Anger, aggression, and depression problems are commonly found in people who have been repeatedly sexually abused in the childhood. Sexual assault can also induce an individual in turning towards alcohol and prescription medicines for seeking relief. Alcohol dependency is t hus gradually developed and this consequently, leads to the rapid development of antisocial behavior. In many cases of drug abuse, childhood sexual assault forms one of the most common factors regarding the psychology behind drug abuse. Sexual maladjustment also forms a common grave consequence of the sexual assault. Even if someone is harassed or