Public Speaking Midterm - 1449 Words

Public Speaking Midterm Study Guide This exam covers all material covered in readings and class lectures/activities. The chapters from the Lucas text covered on this exam are: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14. Remember items may be included on the exam even if they were not specifically identified on this study guide. The exam is worth 100 points and will consist of both multiple choice, true/false, and short answer questions. The aim is to test your comprehension of the material covered in class more than your memorization of terms. The exam will begin promptly at the beginning of class on THURSDAY, FEBRURARY 23rd Chapter 1 What are the similarities and differences between public speaking and conversation? †¢ Similarities†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Support versus overarching What are the four types of connectives and how are each used throughout a speech? Be able to recognize them in a speech. †¢ Transitions †¢ Internal previews †¢ Internal summaries †¢ Signposts – first second third Additional Key Terms: Balance - Strategic organization - Main points – the major points developed in the body of a speech most speeches contain from two to five Supporting material – the material which supports the main points Connective – how to connect the main points Transition – a word of phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another Internal preview – statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next Internal summary – a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points Signpost – first, second, third Chapter 9 What are the four elements of an effective introduction? Be able to recognize them in a speech. †¢ Get attention and interest †¢ Reveal topic †¢ Establish credibility and goodwill †¢ Preview body of speech What are different styles/examples of attention getters in an introduction? †¢ Relate topic to audience †¢ State importance of topic †¢ Startle audience †¢ Arouse curiosity of audience †¢ QuestionShow MoreRelatedBecoming A First Generation College Student1016 Words   |  5 Pagesconstant battle of not being good enough defeated me. My parents only spoke Spanish, and were unable to help me with my school assignments. As I struggled with my academics silently, my self-consciousness and insecurities grew. The fear of speaking out in public was a lingering shadow that developed more, as I grew older. Being that English was my second language, I had always felt inferior to those who spoke English as their primary language. Throughout high school, I harbored a deep admirationRead MoreUnlocking Congress, By Michael Golden1158 Words   |  5 PagesRecently many people believe that congress has not been working efficiently. Over the past couple of years the amount of laws passed has been at an all time low, and Congress has been receiving mostly negative reviews from the American public. In his book Unlock Congress, Michael Golden discusses many of the problems that have been negatively affecting Congress. Golden then offers many different solutions that he believes will help Congress work more smoothly. Golden discusses many different problemsRead MoreWriting And Fear Public Speaking881 Words   |  4 Pagesthe final project, I would like to write a paper. I would prefer to do this opinion because I enjoy writing and fear public speaking. The midterm paper was fairly easy for me to complete, as I am good at sitting down and concentrating on one subject for a long time. Additionally, I love expressing myself through words. As an introvert with slight anxiety, the idea of public speaking is terrifying. While I have no problems saying my opinions in class, I do not like standing in front of a group of peopleRead MoreThe Lewinsky Scandal, 19981491 Words   |  6 PagesHowever Clinton’s presidential legacy is also marked by his affair with Monica Lewinsky and his impeachment. He had become the second sitting president in history to be impeached by the House of Representatives. The Lewinsky affair shocked the public and the media along with the right wing were keen to see Clin tons demise. Washington became even more vicious as political opponents of the President pursed him to no extent. Though officially he could not be charged for having an affair, he couldRead MoreThe Art Of Teaching Music800 Words   |  4 PagesCarlehr Swanson The Art of Teaching Music Prof. East Fall 2015 Midterm 1-4 Growing up I was painfully shy. If anything required public speaking, I would shy away from it. I lived my life being scared to ask for opportunities to share my talent, and hated being put on the spot. The more I developed as a performer, I realized I would have to talk, sometimes a lot. In High School I signed up for a Radio Broadcasting and Journalism class, simply because I liked music. In the class, shy people didn’tRead MoreClasses On The Study Of Logic In American Colleges Today1321 Words   |  6 Pagesclass grade depends on two exams, namely, the midterm and final. Consequently, even if students do well on the homework assignments that constitute the remaining points, their grades can still be heavily affected by two test scores. Instead of heavily weighing a student’s learning ability on two exams, I would suggest taking an approach similar to that used in philosophy 103. In this class, we have quizzes on each chapter, homework assignments, two midterms, pape rs, and a final. The separation of pointsRead MoreWasted Time : An Educational Epidemic Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesdeficit in classroom instruction. Fortunately, with a comprehensive revamping of the public school system in the United States of America, it is possible to regain the national status of an educationally successful country. In theory, substitute teachers are a practical solution to a common issue: Responsible adults leading the class when a teacher is called away by a meeting, an appointment, or illness. Logically speaking, it would make perfect sense for another well-educated adult to command the classRead MoreEssay911 Words   |  4 PagesGOVT 480 – Midterm Essay Week 4 List and describe the four force multipliers. How do terrorists us force multipliers? Give examples for each force multipliers. There are four force multipliers in terrorism that author J. White speaks about in his book regarding terrorism. These multipliers are technology, media. transnational support, religion; they are a methods used so that manpower will not be increased, but to increase striking force. These force multipliers can work individually orRead MoreAfter The Republican Takeover Of Congress In The 1994 Midterms,1415 Words   |  6 Pages After the Republican takeover of Congress in the 1994 midterms, Newt Gingrich, a Republican from Georgia, assumed the Speakership and with it, the congressional agenda. He took bold action on an array of matters, but when it came to DADT, it quickly became clear that he had to retreat. On April 2, 1995, Gingrich declared that Congress would put back in place a definite ban on gays in the military, but took back his statement only two days later in the wake of political reality. There was a â€Å"conspicuousRead MoreOrdeal or Reconstruction1334 Words   |  6 Pagesviewed as the worst possible person to have been President at the end of the Civil War. He utterly failed to make a satisfying and just peace because of his racist views, his gross incompetence in federal office, and his incredible miscalculation of public support for his policies. One can only sadly speculate about how different America would have been had Lincoln lived to see the country through the critical period of Reconstruction. In the end, Johnson did more to extend the period of national strife

Cognitive Dissonance Theory - 1621 Words

Leon Festinger created the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance arise. Dissonance is reduced using three mental strategies. Selective exposure is the strategy used before a decision is made. The premise of this strategy is to avoid information that is likely to increase dissonance. The second†¦show more content†¦The difference between condition one and three is that condition three allowed the participants to self-affirm after finding out their verdict was in disagreement with the other group members. Festinger argues that the lac k of choice adds consonant cognitions which reduce the overall amount of dissonance that otherwise would be experienced (Festinger, 1957, 1958; as cited in Matz Woods, 2005). Additionally, the opportunity to self-affirm strengthens self-worth and thereby reduces the dissonance created when people’s actions threaten their personal integrity (Simon, Greenberg, Brehm, 1995; as cited in Matz Woods, 2005). Thus, Matz and Woods hypothesize that dissonance will be reduced by the lack of choice and the opportunity to self-affirm. The results show low levels of discomfort in the lack of choice and self-affirmation conditions, providing an explanation of the kinds of strategies people use to reduce dissonance. Study three introduces an interpersonal strategy introduced by Festinger: changing one’s own attitude to align with others’ opinions (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Matz Woods, 2005). Building off of Festinger’s idea of changing one’s attitude thre e conditions are used in this study. The three strategies used are: (a) changing one’s own attitudes to agree with others in the group, (b) influencing others to change their opinion, and (c) joining a different, attitudinally congenial group. The end results showShow MoreRelated Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theory of Cognitive Dissonance states that when individuals are presented with information that implies we act in a way that contradicts our moral standards, we experience discomfort (Aronson, Wilson, and Akert, 1998, P. 191). This is considered Cognitive Dissonance, A psychological term used to describe mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information; arouses unease or tension; relieved by one of several defensive maneuvers:Read MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory Paper1375 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Dissonance Theory Paper 1 Cognitive Dissonance Theory Paper Psy 400 Axia Online Cognitive Dissonance Theory Paper 2 Introduction The cognitive dissonance theory has many possible scenarios and examples chosen throughout life. The theory will be either enhanced or decreased depending on a number of factors such as the person’s moral values, social upbringing, and social status at work, religiousRead MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory - Applications2122 Words   |  9 PagesCONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Cognitive Dissonance? 1.2. Cognitive Dissonance Phenomena 1.3. Ways to address Cognitive Dissonance 1.4. Significance 2. Project Statement 3. Methodology 3.1. Sample 3.2. Material 3.3. Procedure 4. Results 5. Conclusion 6. References 1. Introduction 1.1. What is Cognitive Dissonance? The cognitive dissonance theory was proposed by a famous psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950’s. The theory states that if a person holds two inconsistentRead More Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay3265 Words   |  14 PagesCognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he, opposing all previous psychological behaviorist work, created the Cognitive Dissonance Theory. In his own words, he quickly sums up this quite complex theory: If you change a person’s behavior, his thoughts and feelings will change to minimize the dissonance (Groenveld, 1999, p.1). In order to decode this dense statement, we must first be aware that Festinger held to be true that humans have a deep abidingRead MoreThe Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Essay example877 Words   |  4 Pages The theory of cognitive dissonance started as a very simple observation by Leon Festinger that people do not like to deal with inconsistency. This simple observation led to the development of a theory that became very controversial, and it would be this controversy that propelled the theory forward. Many years of research has led to many different ideas of what cognitive dissonance really is and why it actually occurs. Festinger developed the term cognitions while developing his theory on cognitiveRead More The Validity of Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay2607 Words   |  11 PagesDescription of Theory The term dissonance refers to when one cognitive element is inconsistent with another cognitive element according to the lecture notes of Professor Soreno. Cognitive elements can be categorized in four groups called beliefs, attitudes, values, and perceptions of behavior. Beliefs can be defined as a perception that something exists or not. This perception can range from a central or peripheral type of belief. The more central a belief is, the harder it is to change that beliefRead MoreLeon Festingers Theory Of Cognitive Dissonance1500 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will evaluate the presentation of Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance in the world of social psychology. Throughout I will discuss the establishment of his theory, it’s supporting evidence and any limitations of this. I will also deliberate what it can explain and the alternative explanations presented by other psychologists; how they differ from Festinger’s, how they add to Festingerâ₠¬â„¢s original theory and finally how they extend the knowledge in understanding the interactionRead MoreAn Examination of Festingers Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Notable Modifications2030 Words   |  9 PagesFestingers Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Notable Modifications Sometimes the greatest test of a theory is its longevity. Over time, some theories will be disproved, some will be modified, and some will become the basis for a whole new group of theories. Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance has stood up to challenge for over forty years, and is considered by many to be the single most important theory of social psychology. Though there have been modifications to the theory afterRead MoreThe Cognitive Dissonance Theory ( Cdt ) Essay2141 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction This paper applies the principles of the cognitive dissonance theory (CDT) to the potential racial motivations of homegrown terrorists. Generally, the CDT rests on the premise that in a situation where one is faced with conflicting attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors, there is a need to restore harmony, with his or her pre-existing thoughts and ideas. In addition, this need for harmony can give rise to irrational and sometimes maladaptive behaviors in order to reinstate that balance (McleodRead MoreLeon Festinger s Theory Of Cognitive Dissonance1855 Words   |  8 PagesLeon Festinger s theory of cognitive dissonance (1957) sets its meaning on the theory that behavior does not support the attitude or vice versa. At many times individuals see themselves experiencing this phenomenon, so in order to reduce this dissonance, either the attitude or the behavior needs to be altered or changed. A perfect example would have to be when a white person says that black and whites are all the same y et he/she would not want to live in a neighborhood with the majority of the population

The Concept of Consumer Identity Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Disucss about the Impact of Consumer Identity on Consumer Behavior and Purchasing Decision. Answer: Introduction The article seeks to explore the impact of consumer identity on consumer behavior and purchasing decision. This article discusses how each individual is endowed with a separate identity and as consumers, these individuals will tend to consume in a way that appears to be consistent with his own sense of self. It states that an individual will not necessarily consume a product simply because he likes it or is in need of the same (Reed et al. 2012). Rather, he will consume it if he associates with the attributes of the brand that the brand endorses while promoting its products. A very significant aspect of the article is that it discusses and critically analyzes the concept of consumer identity, its various aspects such as identity salience and identity relevance, the common types of consumer identity and the products these consumers associate with. The article states that while most of the organizations focus on the production of innovative products, many lose out simply because they o verlooked the importance of studying the consumers. It is not sufficient to investigate and comprehend the needs and demands of the consumers and produce products accordingly. In a competitive market, a highly important factor that can ensure organizational success is how far the company is able to promote its products in a way that it can persuade the consumers of the target consumer base purchase the product. Theoretical Foundations: The article is written primarily on the basis of the information available via the research reports and published journals of the past researches. The article explores the theories pertaining to two branches of knowledge- Sociology and Marketing Management. At the very same time, Psychological theories of self have been explored as well (Brodie 2017). In the article, the writer defines identity as any category level with which a consumer or any individual at large associates himself with. While some identities have been defined to be more stable and objective such as those pertaining to relations or ethnicity, other identities may be fluid such as the nature a person has or the political party he has faith in. The article explores the concept of identity right from the scratch and employs the use of different sociological theories associated with human identity, such as Personal Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory to establish how the demographic, social or cultural factors ca n influence the consumer decision making process of any individual. Once identity has been defined, the article refers to management theories such as consumer buying behavior theory and marketing theory to explore the foundation of the consumer psychology which compels a consumer to buy or refuse a specific product. With the help of various management theories, the article investigates different underlying cognitive processes that explainconsumers' choices and how each of them responds to the influence of marketing, as well as the external stimuli that convince them to purchase certain items. Here, the author refers to the SocialIdentity Theoryas developed by Tajfel and Turner and the Self Concept Theory as developed by Cohen and Reed (Bhattacharjee et al. 2014) Nature of the Research: The discussed article has employed the use of Qualitative Research Method. The research data is based solely on the qualitative data derived through secondary resources. As a result, no interview or survey has been conducted to confirm the data collected. The research findings are based on the second hand data derived via literary articles, published business journals and magazines, as well as business management books (Taylor et al. 2015). The article also explores important concepts relevant to the research from Sociology and Psychology books and journals. However, the absence of any primary data can definitely question the reliability of the research findings and the relevance in the present scenario. However, the review of articles as a source of secondary data adds to the knowledge. Further, the article employs the use of Positivism research philosophy whereby it discusses and unfolds a variety of basic and important concepts about consumer identity of the self and the ways in w hich their personal identities influence their purchasing behavior (Flick 2015). Sample Size Considerations: As far as the reviewed article is concerned, it should be noted that the article has not employed the use of quantitative research method. Nor has it used any form of primary data in order to derive the conclusion. Since the research does not employ the use of any primary data, no sampling technique needed any kind of consideration. Key Findings from the Research: The key findings of the research suggest that the identity of an individual has a profound impact how he thinks, feels or the way he perceives products the time they are being launched and promoted in the market. Each product or service comes with a variety of brand attributes that appeal to a specific customer segment, and those consumers who associate their own image, identities and preference with the brand ultimately become the buyers of the product. The article states that not only the personal aspects of ones identity matters, but also his socio-cultural beliefs and political standpoints determine his purchasing decision. Accordingly, an individual who is young and energetic and identifies himself with an athlete will naturally get attracted to brands like Adidas, the tagline of which is Impossible is Nothing. Again, similarly even though cosmetic brands like Maybelline targets the customer base who are women and have a sophisticated sense of fashion, the brand attributes defin ed by the tagline determine if it can attract customer base or not. Since a major part of the women belonging to the Maybelline customer base are self-dependent, ambitious woman, the company had to revise its tagline and come up with Make it Happen instead of the old one that states: Maybe she's born with it. Maybe it's Maybelline (Muehling et al. 2014). Besides, the article sheds light on how the consumption choices of a buyer are influenced by the social and cultural identity that he associates himself with. New Findings: The article is academically very significant as it directly contributes to the existent knowledge and enlightens on about the importance of considering consumer identity while branding and promoting a product. So far most of the past research studies have tried to address the factors influencing consumer purchasing decision and have considered factor like price, trends, social status. However, this research article offers a unique perspective in demonstrating how the identity the consumer identifies himself with must also match with the brand promotional strategy of a companys product or service. Hence, it is not only enough to produce goods as per consumer needs, but also to ensure the production and promotion of identity-linked products. The unrecognized benefit of considering consumer identity while branding a product has been discussed and critically analyzed in the article. Besides, the article also focuses on an important issue that has been overlooked so far. Even though a few research articles have earlier referred to the concept of brand identity, these articles demonstrate how the brand identity of a consumer influences his purchasing decision. This article adds to the existent knowledge by claiming how the consumers also use their identity-linked brands for creating their self-identities as well as for communicating themselves to the others and to themselves. Personal Opinions: I believe the most admirable aspect of the article how well different theories from different academic disciplines such as Psychology and Sociology have been integrated in the management concept. The author writes in an organized and structured style. However, the author focuses overmuch on the definition and categories of consumer identity, and could dedicate more attention to show the interrelation between the consumer identity and consumer purchasing behavior. Besides, the article could be more reliable had it been based on quantitiave data that could at least illustrate the importance of consumer identity in the marketing process with the help of statistical figures and tables. Things Practitioners can Learn and Apply: There are huge benefits of the research as it truly demonstrates how the companies while promoting their products need to be mindful of what the consumers of its target segment identifies themselves with. Starting with the taglines and slogans, till the marketing strategy or discount offer will be determined by the values, beliefs and ideals the consumer identifies himself with. The consumers do not necessarily buy a brand because they need it, but they can also prefer one brand over the other, simply because the former reinforces and expresses his self-identity in a far better way than the latter. Hence, the article will help the practitioners create taglines and slogans as well as marketing strategies as per the identity category of the customer base. For example, usually the Western countries have an individualistic culture and they will prefer fast food companies that offer discounts on a single meal. However, the people in the East usually are the members of a collective society who would prefer a large meal with the family, as they identify themselves as the family loving people. Hence, while selling the same product in the market of an Eastern country, the company should offer heavy discounts on the large meals. Hence, it is highly important for the business managers to consider the idea of producing identity-linked products. Reference List: Bhattacharjee, A., Berger, J. and Menon, G., 2014. When identity marketing backfires: Consumer agency in identity expression.Journal of Consumer Research,41(2), pp.294-309. Brodie, R.J., 2017. Commentary on Working consumers: Co-creation of brand identity, consumer identity, and brand community identity.Journal of Business Research,70, pp.430-431. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Muehling, D.D., Sprott, D.E. and Sultan, A.J., 2014. Exploring the boundaries of nostalgic advertising effects: A consideration of childhood brand exposure and attachment on consumers responses to nostalgia-themed advertisements.Journal of Advertising,43(1), pp.73-84. Reed, A., Forehand, M.R., Puntoni, S. Warlop, L. 2012, "Identity-based consumer behavior", International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 310-321 Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Lucretia Mott free essay sample

Nowadays, this simple statement is a part of our everyday thought. Back in the 1800’s, it was the complete opposite. African American’s were not treated equally; they were forced as slaves with no rights or opinions. Women also were not treated equally; they were deprived of rights that men had such as the ability to vote. Many people were outraged and fought out in a violent way, such as the civil war. Yet others had a different approach and fought out in a nonviolent way, otherwise known as civil disobedience. Lucretia Mott was a Quaker born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, who acted out in civil disobedience against the inequality of slaves and women. She set the foundation for the generations to come by raising awareness on anti-slavery and women’s rights. Her acts of civil disobedience eventually led to the women’s right to vote, and the freedom of slaves. Lucretia Mott committed many acts of civil disobedience throughout her lifetime. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucretia Mott or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She gave speeches and sermons on anti-slavery and womans rights, she organized many conventions and was involved with many anti-slavery and womans rights associations, and she participated in acts against the government. Lucretia was known for her ability to give memorable speeches within her religious group, even though it was a period of time when women we not supposed to speak publicly. She used her speeches inform people on the horrors of slavery. She encouraged her listeners to boycott products that were made by slaves. She also used her speeches to inform people on the nonexistent womans rights. Lucretia published her speech, â€Å"Discourse on Women† arguing that women should have equal rights and that she wanted changes in the married womans property laws. She also organized many conventions and was involved with many associations. In 1866 Lucretia was elected the president of the American Equal Rights Association, an association that focused on giving rights to anyone, no matter race or gender. She also helped establish the Womans Rights Convention at Seneca Falls in 1848. The convention emphasized the role of women in society, and Mott was a speaker. She also attended the Worlds Anti-Slavery Convention in London, England, in which she was kicked out because of her gender. Lastly, Lucretia participated in acts against the government. The United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, claiming that any runaway slave must be returned to their master. Mott and others opened then opened their houses in the underground railroad, temporarily housing slaves. Lucretia had many reasons to why she wanted to play such a big role in anti-slavery and womans suffrage movements. She wanted to educate others, to make a change, and growing up she was against slavery. Mott’s religion taught her that education was important for both men and women. She wanted to educate other citizens on the harshness of slaves and how unfair the inequality between races and gender really were. Her ultimate goal was to leave an imprint on peoples minds about the inequality and change their minds. She also wanted to make a change. She wanted everyone to join her on getting the laws changed once and for all. She needed more people to side with her and the other womans suffrage advocates in order to really make a change, and change was what she wanted. She wanted everyone to be treated equal, and without change that would not be able to happen. Growing up Mott was immediately turned against slavery. She read a book about the slave trade and was horrified about the harsh realities. Once again comes the point of how she wanted everyone to be treated equal. She wanted equality and she needed to put an end to slavery. Everything Lucretia did was for a purpose, whether the outcome she wanted came immediately, or if it came later on in history. The short term results of Lucretia Motts acts of civil disobedience happened quickly and made an impact. She raised awareness to citizens about her causes. Lucretia was known for her ability to speak in public even though it was discouraged while she was growing up. A lot of people were willing to listen to her because of her strength in public speaking. She left a mark in peoples minds and ultimately raised awareness about the evils of slavery and the inequality between men and women. She also set footprints for the future generations to come. A lot of big results to her actions did not come until years later, but she set the foundation for future generations to build off of. The long term results are evident. Slavery was eventually abolished, and women were eventually granted the right to vote, and with that came the growing equality between men and women. The consequences of Lucretia’s actions were not evident. She was never largely punished for her civil disobedience. She was denied enterance to the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London, England, because of her gender. The unjust law she was trying to break was forced upon her. Lucretia Mott was a very influential person in history by her acts of civil disobedience. She stood up for what she believed in, and because of that everyone is treated equal today. Her acts of civil disobedience were worth it because of her influence on the future generations. She started a nonviolent revolution against the unjust laws of slavery and womans suffrage, and it has continually lived on ever since.

The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath

When the former colony of the British Empire rose up in rebellion, the ragtag army led by General Washington defeated the battle-scarred war machine of the English army. The founding fathers of the United States of America declared that all men are equal and proceeded to build a great nation. But less than a century later, the words uttered in the Declaration of Independence became the bone of contention between North and South.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The former wanted to abolish slavery while the latter desperately wanted to perpetuate an institution that they desperately needed to sustain their way of life. The Southern states believed that it is their right to own and utilize slaves and then declared that they do not want any part of the Union. The government was forced to go to war to preserve the Union. In the aftermath of th e bloody war, the South was devastated by the scorch earth policy of the North. Looking back it would have been better if diplomacy prevailed and that guns, cannons and bayonets were never used to settle an issue. Introduction In the 19th century the United States went through a tumultuous period. Less than a century earlier, the colony of Great Britain secured its independence after trumping British forces in the American Revolution. But the euphoria that came from realizing that they were free from the encumbrances of tyranny was short lived. In the aftermath of the revolution the American people faced the daunting task of building a nation from scratch. Nation building in itself is very difficult, but the fledgling Union was also pressured to come up with a resolution to a very contentious issue – the ownership Negro slaves. Whites and blacks saw two divergent perspectives when it comes to this issue and the struggle brought them to the battlefield to settle their differen ces. It has to be pointed out that before the New World became the United States of America, there were two major streams of migration that help build it into one of the most powerful nations on earth. The first one came from Europe and the second one came from Africa. The first one was voluntary the second one was forced. Negro slaves came by the boat loads. Slave traders facilitated their transfer into the hands of their masters. Slave owners purchased them as if they were cattle. These were also plantation owners who had established themselves as successful owners of vast tracts of land belonging to what will be known as the South.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During those times it was not hard to accept the fact that there are those who are supposed to rule and there are those who are supposed to serve. After the establishment of the Union, it did not take long before owners hip of Negro slaves became a divisive issue. As a result nation building took a major step backwards. Instead of going forward capitalizing from the gains of the American Revolution, Northern and Southern states were at loggerhead in their interpretation of the aforementioned Declaration of Independence. This piece of document meant two different things for two opposing forces. Those who are against slavery used the argument that all men are indeed created equal. The Southern states on the other hand resented the way the government tried to force their ideas – particularly in the area of slave ownership. For them the Declaration of Independence is a reminder that an oppressive government must be challenged and removed from society. From Old to New In the 19th century, the world has changed and America has changed. It was already made clear from many declarations as well as the passing of related laws that slavery is no longer an acceptable practice. Slavery had to be abolishe d. The Declaration of Independence authored by founding fathers made it very clear that all men are created equal. It is now considered immoral for slave owners to continue enslaving people and treating them like bests of burden. Even if slave owners will open their hearts and minds to this kind of argument it would be very difficult for them to change overnight. For one, their source of income depended on the use of slaves. Secondly, they have to maintain the status quo where whites are on top and the blacks are at the bottom of the social hierarchy. It would be extremely difficult for them to relinquish control. This simply means that if the white slave owners will have a sudden change of heart and free their slaves, then no one will run their farms for them. What then will they eat and how can they maintain their lifestyle? This was not an easy question for many landholders and slave owners. Thus, they had to believe in the idea that they had the right to continually own slaves.A dvertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aside from principles of freedom and equality, the abolition of slavery came from the pens and speeches of former slaves as well as sympathizers in the North. Many of the slaves could not wait for the government to rescue them. So they ran away to the North. In the prelude to the Civil War the national government facilitated the abolition of slavery in many parts of the country. Northern states began to change their policies in favor of Negro slaves. Thus, it encouraged some to escape and flee the South. They were known collectively as abolitionists. Many of the abolitionists believe in the power of the written word to influence and open the eyes of the many. They continued to do so before, during and after the Civil War. Negro slaves who learned how to read and write while still in bondage used found the c hance to use their talents when they were able to escape from their masters. Through their writings they exposed the wickedness of slavery and this helped many to realize that it is imperative to support the cause of the abolitionists. While there were former slaves who used the pen to fight slavery in the South there were also those who were daring enough to help those fleeing slaves and gave them protection from those who wanted to bring them back to the their owners. Influential leaders shaped history through their words and actions and one of them was a woman named Harriet Tubman. This lady displayed unusual courage as well as intelligence in maintaining an underground network for helping slaves on the run. When the Civil War erupted she served as soldier, nurse and spy for the Union Army. Before the war Tubman was very successful in leading the Underground Railroad. This is a network comprised of homes and families willing to risk their lives to aid fleeing slaves. They are mos tly Quakers, New England Yankees, and free blacks (Calore, 2008, p.23). While a system was in place, for the Underground Railroad to work there is a need for an able â€Å"conductor† a sort of a guide that will help Negro slaves travel 15 treacherous miles before they cross the border between North and South. One of the most daring and resourceful conductor was Harriet Tubman.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tubman was a former slave and came from pure African ancestry. This explains her tenacity and willingness to risk her life just so she can help a great number of Negro slaves escape the horrible life of bondage that she is well acquainted with. Her popularity is not only aided by her success but also by the strategies that she employed to ensure that her party will never be tracked down and apprehended by their slave masters. According to one report Tubman carried a loaded pistol and threatened the fleeing Negro slaves in her care that she will shoot those who will lose heart and turn back. Her experience in the Underground Railroad gave her mastery of the terrain that crisscross between North and South as a result, â€Å"The Union army, realizing that she had extensive knowledge about the geography and many routes in and out of Confederate territory, recruited her to help in their efforts in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida† (Eggleston, 2003, p.122). She proved an invaluable help to the Union army as her expertise would help them save time and also to formulate the correct strategies in fighting the Confederate army. Her life became an inspiration to many and prompted others to serve in the cause. Tubman was unselfish. She could have died doing all those subversive acts. It is common knowledge during those days that slave masters hired slave hunters whose sole task was to track down, apprehend and drag slaves back to where they belong. Tubman could have had a chance encounter with a slave hunter but she was able to elude all of them. At the end she was responsible for helping many achieve freedom.  Aside from Tubman there was also another influential figure and his name is Frederick Douglass. Slave owners and their sympathizers can conjure clever arguments against the preservation of the slave system but when Douglass slave spoke out about the cruelty and depravations experienced by Negro slaves it is hard not to agree with his indictment of the said practice, which according to him undermines the greatness of America and he said: The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretense, and your Christianity as a lie. It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home. It saps the foundation of religion; it makes your name a hissing, and byword to a mocking earth (Lowance, 2003, p. 222). The words of these great men and women created tremendous pressure so that the Federal Government could no longer ignore the plight of the Negro Slaves. The Union challenged the South to give up their slaves. The South made a move that forced the North to declare war. When the South made known their desire to secede, it was only a matter of time before Union soldiers would invade the South. America was plunged into Civil War. Douglas, Tubman and other writers and intellectuals were the inspiration of those who were in bondage to aspire for freedom and new i dentity as freed men and women. But aside from eloquent speakers and gifted writers, Negro slaves were also inspired by those who were drafted by the Federal Government to fight the Confederate Army. At first it seems that Negro slaves would have to be content to stay at the sidelines and be mere spectators to a war that will determine their destiny as American citizens. But it did not take long before the Union Army decided to recruit them and made them a part of the fighting force that will help liberate their brethren who were still in bondage. Those who were living as free men in the Northern states were conscripted into the army (Donovan Griess, 2002, p.21). But officially the first recruitment of blacks took place in the occupied areas of the South and this was made possible by an act passed in July 1862 (Donovan Griess, 2002, p.21). This is clearly a strategic move as well as a political one. There is need for more troops and what could be a better solution than to use newl y freed slaves in the fight to free others. The recruitment of former Negro slaves into the Union army was a significant event. When they took on the uniform of the North it was the acceptance that they so desired. According to one local newspaper, â€Å"It is an honor understood by our fathers who fount on the plains of Chalmette in 1815 †¦ he who defends his fatherland is the real citizen, and this time we are fighting for the rights of our race† (Tunnell, 1992, p.71). A more excited response was recorded when someone said that, â€Å"From the day that bayonets were placed in the hands of the blacks †¦ the Negro became a citizen of the United States† (Tunnell, 71). But freedom came at a price and no one knew how to deal with the aftermath of the Civil War. Shaping U.S. History According to Ron Eyerman, â€Å"Four million slaves were liberated at the end of the civil war. The exact figure was 3, 953, 696, which represents about 12.6 percent of the total Ame rican population and 32 percent of the Southern population† (2001, p. 23). This is a sizable portion of the population. This figure also means that the whole economic landscape was significantly altered by the event. The South was devastated and crumbled at the onslaught brought upon by Union soldiers (Franklin, 1994, p.2). On the other hand the Negro slaves were freed and the emancipation that they had hoped for had finally arrived. It was supposed to be a story book ending. Freedom loving Union troops attacked the Southern states and liberated scores of Negro slaves. If it was a chapter in world’s best fairy tales book, the last scene would have depicted slaves packing up their belongings and leaving their master’s home for good, never looking back excited to chart their own destiny. But it did not end that way. Everyone was so preoccupied with the idea of freeing the slaves that no one had the time to figure out the consequences of such moves. In the aftermath of the Civil War, the following eyewitness account made it very clear that was should have been avoided, and he wrote, â€Å"Fields were laid waste, cities burned, bridges and roads destroyed †¦ even most of the woefully inadequate factories were leveled †¦ and if the Union forces did not loot quite as many smokehouses and pantries as they were blamed for, what they did do emphasized the helplessness of the once proud Confederates† (Franklin, 1994, p.2). This could have been averted if only both sides were willing to make a compromise. Yet they did not and even today the impact of the U.S. Civil war can still be felt. Even before the first volley was fired men and women of insight were able to see that a Civil War will serve only to bring the Union close to the brink if extinction. In the period following the Civil War, in a time known as the Reconstruction, whites and blacks continued to have differing perspectives in the aftermath. The Negro people in the time of Reconstruction were suddenly aware of their rights and yet at the same time fearing that they will never experience the real meaning of freedom. Thus, many of them migrated to the Northern states. On the other hand while the white people in the South grudgingly accepted defeat as well as the political and economic ramifications of that defeat, they also knew very well that the newly freed slaves will remain second class citizens especially in their states. It would require a successful Civil Rights movement and the passage of time before white and blacks can see eye to eye with regards to equality and human rights. Importance of Studying History Without a correct understanding of history one can simplify the events of the U.S. Civil War and say that it was merely a fight for freedom in behalf of the Negro Slaves. Although there is much truth to this statement, much has been left unsaid. It is also important to show that the war was destructive to both blacks and whites. It is a sad commentary to the post-slavery period that there are many former African-American slaves who were not able to capitalize on freedom. And no one can blame them. They were taken captive from their ancestral land and then placed in an environment where they were treated as animals. It only takes a few years for the mind to adjust to the new surroundings. And therefore when freedom came, the man has already turned into a non-thinking drone unable to do anything without the guiding whip of the harsh taskmasters. One of the first African-American intellectual, George Washington Williams wrote about the sad plight of the newly freed slaves, â€Å"Here were four million human beings without clothing, shelter, homes, and alas most without names. The galling harness of slavery had been cut off of their weary bodies, and like a worn out beat of burden they stood in their tracks scarcely able to go anywhere† (Eyerman, 2001, p. 23). So for every single African-American who was able to ri se out of poverty and ignorance there are other countless poor souls who could not figure out the meaning of freedom. A correct understanding of history will reveal the evils of war. As a result policy makers in the present time will gain wisdom by studying history. They will realize that war must be used a last resort. There are times when war is indeed inevitable. But it must be made clear that war brings with it a destructive force that no army or population can control. In many instances the destruction and the emotional wounds far outweigh the gain. Conclusion The U.S. Civil War was one of the most important events in the history of the United States. It was a war that threatened to destroy the Union. In hindsight it would have been better if North and South laid down their differences and worked hard to find a way to resolve their differences. The destruction of the South and the sudden emancipation of Negro slaves created an economic backlash. The South struggled to rebuild w hile former Negro slaves are faced with the dilemma of freedom without resources to use in order to create a life of dignity and respect. Ironically, the war did not solve their problems; it even required a Civil Rights movement in order for the members of the Negro race to experience total emancipation. However, it must be made clear that in a situation where two opposing forces are adamant about the righteousness of their respective stance, there is no other option but to go to war. References Calore, P. (2008).The Causes of the Civil War: The Political, Cultural, Economic and Territorial Disputes Between  North and South. North Carolina: McFraland Company, Inc. Donovan, T. T. Griess. (2002). The American Civil War. New York: Square One Publishers. Eggleston, L. (2003). Women in the Civil War. North Carolina: McFarland Company, Inc. Franklin, J. H. (1994). Reconstruction After the Civil War. IL: University of Chicago Press. Lowance, M. (2003). A House Divided: The Antebellum Slavery Debates in America, 1776-1865. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Tunnell, T. (1992). Crucible of Reconstruction. LA: Louisiana State University. This term paper on The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath was written and submitted by user Giselle Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Insead MBA Essay Samples - Gain Insight Into These Essays

Insead MBA Essay Samples - Gain Insight Into These EssaysSince Insead MBA is a new and upcoming school, they are keen to show off their facilities. There are many prominent resources that are being used to get the job done. One of the important resources is the MBA Essay samples. Here are some details about the resources.They used the documents that were previously used by other schools in order to prepare the candidates for the final examination. The applicants can then take advantage of the valuable information obtained from these resources. It is not necessary that all the candidates are able to ace the exam. Some of them are unable to achieve it.In fact, the job of reviewing the samples is performed by the Insead MBA faculty. A team of experts is assigned to work on these resources. They take a look at the samples and analyze them. They also offer tips and guidelines on how to best use the resources. They also make sure that the essays written by the students are written in an ob jective way.Another aspect of the Insead essay samples is that these are something which can be reused in the future. Therefore, one can easily recycle the resource so that it can be used again. It is also possible that you will be able to make the same point of view using a similar sample. Therefore, it makes sense to create an outline for your work out the same thesis from that resource.Insead provides a lot of resources for these students to use in the preparation of their MBA essays. The topic of the essays also is something that is easy to decide. One of the key points is that they are not restricted to one particular school or region. Therefore, you can find essay samples from anywhere in the world.In order to get a foothold in the industry, a university has to invest in its education and hence, the school needs to offer up to date resources in order to compete with other schools. In this regard, the resources available can act as a very good advertisement to promote the busin ess of the school. The reality is that most of the prospective students do not know what is required for the submission of the essay samples. Therefore, they fail to get the right help.In order to ensure that the students obtain the best value for their money, the faculty offers best of these resources along with the essay samples. It does not matter whether the student has the intention of taking the next step towards a professional career or not. In order to get the required results, one should take full advantage of the resources available. Even if the student has not decided upon a course of action, one can always avail the services of Insead.As soon as you start taking into account the tutorial sessions in the topic of MBA and its related subjects, you will realize that the syllabus of the school is extremely diverse. There are various topics which can be taken up to have the best advantage. If you need to get great assistance, then it is advisable to make use of Insead essay s amples.

Preferred language style Essay Example

Preferred language style Essay Example Preferred language style Paper Preferred language style Paper Discuss organophosphates and the health risks associated with it. Include toxicology data including any dose/response data. Discuss the interaction of organophosphates with major human body organs from the most likely route of exposure. Please include any biotransformation and enzymes involved. Discuss how organophosphates interact with the environment (excluding humans). Identify current regulations on this chemical. Given the information above, provide suggestions for actions taken as an Environmental Manager and as a civically responsible citizen. I am sending an attached article entitled `Pesticides and human Health` to be used in my research paper. My order number is 71165495. I will also be sending information from one other source shortly.   Thanks,   Valerie Introduction Organophosphates compounds (OP’s) are chemical substances that are primarily being utilized as insecticides and pesticides throughout the world.   In certain other parts of the world they are also being utilized as chemical weapons.   The OP’s have a severe effect on the environment, to all plant, animal and human life. The chemical substance tends to work by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase in the body.   As the functioning of this enzyme is affected, several functions in the body are obstructed.   Some of the toxic effects of OP poisoning include:-  · Glaucoma (due to obstruction of the enzyme physostigmine)  · Myasthenia gravis (due to the obstruction of the enzyme neostigmine and pyridostigmine)  · Supraventricular tachycardia (due to obstruction of the enzyme edrophonium)  · Alzheimer’s disease (due to obstruction of the enzyme tetrahydroaminoacridine) (Aaron, 2001 PAN UK, 1996). In recent years, there has been increased concern of the effect of OP’s on the environment.   Several NGO’s and private groups are becoming more and more aware and are taking action against the increased use of OP’s as pesticide in household, agricultural and the industrial sector. Several of the developing and the developed nations are becoming more and more aware of the ill-effects of OP’s and are adopting legislations which could help minimize the use of such substances.   One of them has been Canada, and the Canadian Institute of Health Research has been playing an active role in determining the ill-effects of OP’s and in turn informing the government and the public. They are also informing the international community of the ill-effects of OP’s so that an international strategy, much more effective than a national one could be adopted.   Limiting the use of OP’s requires a collaborative effort from organizations belonging to various sectors. Several population study programs, child study programs, gene-environment interactions studies, have pointed out serious adverse-effects caused by OP’s on the environment.   Hence the current research priorities would be to determine any complex mechanism by which these OP’s could operate, develop strategies to minimize their usage, and in turn develop alternate pesticides which could help limit the use of OP’s (Ritter, 2006). OP’s were first identified in 1854, and were slowly being utilized as insecticides and pesticides.   Their toxicity effects were only recognized after the year 1930. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) was utilized as a product for Nerve gas development by the German army during the World War 2.   OP’s are one of the most toxic substances known to man.   They can harm and destroy any form of life including plant life, invertebrates, vertebrates, etc.   In the environment, they are very unstable and can react with almost any substance. More than 100, 000 OP’s have been developed in the laboratory for use, but only about 100 of them have been recognized for use as insecticides and pesticides.   Some of the OP’s are also being utilized as fungicides and herbicides.   Several major agrochemical giants are using OP’s in several products throughout the world.   These include Hostathion, Metasystox, Lorsban and Dursban.